Abstract The tentacle has long been a curiosity to scientists for its unique and diverse properties and functions, perhaps since antiquity when Aristotle observed the…
Abstract Rat whiskers can be modeled by Euler spirals, curves with linear change in curvature. One hypothesis explaining vibrissae shape is that the linear growth…
Animals and insects use whiskers and antennae for orientation, foraging, stalking prey, finding mates, and fighting. This article explores the function of whiskers and antennae…
The trunk, or proboscis, is an important organ for many organisms, especially insects dependent on fluid-feeding, such as butterflies, mosquitoes, and bees. The structure of…
This article explores the various chemical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms relevant to the life cycle of whiskers (barbels) and antennae. The growth of zebrafish barbel…
Abstract In the animal kingdom, the evolution of tongue morphology has facilitated the survival of many species by providing advantages in foraging, avoiding predators, prey-catching…
The animal kingdom is characterized by an astonishing diversity in tongue morphologies, functions and mechanical abilities. Through evolution, different animal tongues have adapted to perform…
Mathematical modeling of animal tongue functions has improved the understanding of the animal kingdom and how species have evolved to efficiently perform tasks necessary for…
Acoustic resonance is a highly effective method of communication and information reception in the animal kingdom, pervasively employed by creatures as small as the 4mm…
Artificial neural networks are used to mimic the functionalities of the brain via computing systems. This paper will first examine the general structure and function…
Chemical reactions are the base of our universe. From the light of the sun to the function of our own brains, chemical reactions are behind…
Evolution and the adaptation of different species to different ecological niches has resulted in a vast array of differences between the sensory systems of those…