Abstract The tentacle has long been a curiosity to scientists for its unique and diverse properties and functions, perhaps since antiquity when Aristotle observed the…
Abstract Suction cups are important adaptations for aquatic animals, allowing for predation, locomotion, stability, and other species-specific functions. The chemical structure of each suction cup…
Abstract Hooves are morphologically complex structures among ungulates that support body weight and provide traction to assist their adaptation to various external environments. This article…
The mechanisms describing how objects occupy space are some of the most fundamental topics of study and can be applied to countless chemical, physical, and…
This essay dives into animal horns and the physical composition, mechanical properties, and ingenious designs that make them incredibly effective at everything they do. It…
Fats are one of the most versatile molecules in mammals, fulfilling countless metabolic and non-metabolic roles. Metabolism of fats serves many purposes. Through lipolysis, fat…
This article explores the various chemical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms relevant to the life cycle of whiskers (barbels) and antennae. The growth of zebrafish barbel…
Many organisms possess an internal defense mechanism, intrinsic properties, and behaviors adapted for their survival. Spines and quills differ immensely across families, and this disparity…
Abstract Skin, a keratin-based tissue, is the largest organ in humans. This essay examines the molecular structural function of keratins, their evolutionary origins, and functions…
AbstractA cursory glance at the diverse set of tails found in the animal kingdom quickly reveals an assortment of differently shaped tools meant to carry…
The carapace is the dorsal section of the exoskeleton of many animals. This article discusses the multifunctionality of some animals’ carapaces. In the introduction, the…
Abstract. An organism’s evolutionary fitness is determined by its ability to pass on its genes to its offspring. Males of some species make use of…