Abstract Many organisms possess internal defense mechanisms, intrinsic properties, and behaviors adapted for their survival. Spines and quills differ immensely across families, and this disparity…
Amongst the various muscular organs that lack a skeletal support system, whether it be the tongues of terrestrial vertebrates or the trunks of elephants, the…
Suction cups are important adhesive adaptations for many marine animals, allowing for locomotion, predation, stability, and grasping of objects. Interesting morphological adaptations have allowed the…
In many mammals around the world, nature has designed a variable and complex structure placed at the tips of limbs called a hoof. Hoofed mammals,…
This essay examines the drag-reductive properties of sharks’ scales and analyzes the macroscale and microscale structures and mechanisms that diminished turbulence for the fish in…
The world of mathematics holds much value when it comes to computing, establishing, and resolving the many different complex relationships found in natural sciences. This,…
Abstract Claws are the ultimate tool in any animal’s survival kit. With an array of purposes for different species across the animal kingdom, the claw…
Mollusk shells’ mesmerizing diversity of forms stems from their variations in shape, features and patterns. While these forms are highly complex and diverse, research has…
From adhesive pads used by reptiles to climb against gravity, secretion from birds to construct their nests, to adhesions used by spiders to catch prey,…
Molting or ecdysis is the intricate yet routine biological process through which the external layer is shed and replaced. Molting is necessary as it allows…
Communication in the animal kingdom has been explored by humans for centuries. As the species with the most elaborate form of communication, language, we seek…
This essay compiles a selection of different animal homes and the mechanics behind their assembly, stability, and functioning. The more you contemplate the living conditions…